Spring Creek Park
99.464 acres
Spring Creek Park is located in Northern Jamaica Bay and contains the largest
amount of undeveloped land and wetlands in the northern Jamaica Bay area. The
name Jamaica comes from the area's first inhabitants, the Jameco, or Yamecah Native
Americans, whose name is Algonquin for beaver. The Jameco lived on the northern
shore of Jamaica Bay and along Beaver Stream and Beaver Pond (filled in in 1906).
Jamaica Bay is a shallow tidal wetland of about 20 square miles in area, located
between Brooklyn and Queens. It consists of grassy marshes sheltered from the
Atlantic Ocean by the Rockaway Peninsula. The bay contains many islands, but only
the largest, Broad Channel, is inhabited. The northern half of the island contains
the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, which has two freshwater ponds and is host to
a large number of shorebirds.
Originally, the bay was a fishing and hunting ground for the Canarsee and Rockaway
Native Americans, who were displaced by Dutch settlers. The area remained largely
unsettled until 1880, when the New York, Woodhaven, and Rockaway Railroad built
a wooden trestle five miles long across the bay, connecting the Rockaways to
the rest of Queens. Industry expanded along the shores of the bay, and their
waste, along with sewage disposal, polluted the bay. In 1916, the board of health
banned fishing and swimming in the bay, and all the summer resort hotels that
had been built along the bay closed down. The ecosystem has been cleaned extensively
in recent decades, as people have come to view pollution as a matter of environmental
concern rather than merely a health issue. Today, a part of the bay and its
surrounding area is protected as part of the Gateway National Recreation Area,
created in 1972 under the National Park Service. The Shore Parkway section of the Belt Parkway runs through Spring Creek Park.
Proposed by Robert Moses in 1930 to provide limited-access highway from Manhattan
to Long Island, the 36-mile long Belt Parkway was completed in 1941. Moses also
planned a series of "ribbon parks" similar to those found on the Long
Island Parkways. Therefore, much of the Belt Parkway runs through parkland,
particularly on the eastern shore. The Shore Parkway section runs from the western
terminus at the Gowanus Expressway in Bay Ridge to the Cross Bay Boulevard in
Howard Beach and accommodates approximately 140,000 vehicles each day. The original land for Spring Creek Park was acquired by condemnation in May
1938 as part of the construction of the Shore Parkway. In 1992, the Department
of Real Property assigned another section of property to Parks, more than doubling
the size of the park. The northern and farthest western portion of the park
lies in Brooklyn, while the southern portion below 157th Avenue is contained
in Queens. In 1994 and 1995, two more parcels in Queens, on Fairfield Avenue,
were added to the park. In keeping with the wilderness of the surrounding area,
the park has been left mostly undeveloped. Almost entirely marshland, the park serves as open greenery for various species
of birds including great blue herons, egrets, red-winged blackbirds, pheasants,
and mallards, as well as animals such as deer, raccoons, and muskrats. Spring
Creek Park is a great place for nature lovers to visit any time of year.
Friday, Jul 20, 2001